Nuclear Powered Space Missions - Past and Future
by Regina Hagen
August 11, 1998

Front Page

1. Introduction
2. Technology
   2.1 The U.S. - RTG, Nuclear Reactor, And RHU
       2.1.1 Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators (RTGs)
       2.1.2 Nuclear Reactors
       2.1.3 Radioisotope Heater Units (RHUs)
   2.2 The USSR/Russia - RORSAT, Topaz, And RTG
       2.2.1 RORSAT Nuclear Reactors
       2.2.2 TOPAZ
       2.2.3 Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators (RTGs)
       2.2.4 Radioisotope Heater Units (RHUs)
   2.3 Other Nations - "RTG Technology Is Not Available"
3. Past Missions – a Chronology
4. NASA Plans
   4.1 "Upcoming Plutonium Launches" (pre-1997)
   4.2 "Potential Future Nasa Space Missions With RTGs" (1997)
   4.3 "NASA FACTS: Future NASA Spacecraft" (1998)
   4.4 Future RTG Development
   4.5 "Advanced Solar Arrays And Solar Reflectors"
   4.6 Details About Future Missions
       4.6.1 Comet Nucleus
       4.6.2 Europa Lander (Europa Lander Network)
       4.6.3 Europa Orbiter (Europa Ocean Observer)
       4.6.4 Interstellar Probe
       4.6.5 Io Volcanic Observer
       4.6.6 Mars Missions (5 Launches)
       4.6.7 Moon Missions (4 Launches)
       4.6.8 Neptune Orbiter
       4.6.9 Pluto/Kuiper-Express (2 Launches)
       4.6.10 Solar Probe
       4.6.11 Titan Organic Explorer
       4.6.12 Venus Lander*
   4.7 Future Missions Summary
5. Conclusion
6. Acronyms
7. Literature List

   Foot Notes